Analisis Implementasi Program Pemberdayaan Literasi Masyarakat Desa Berbasis Community Based Education dalam Meningkatkan Kapasitas Sumber Daya Manusia dan Akselerasi Pembangunan Desa Berkelanjutan
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Abstract
Pembangunan desa berkelanjutan mensyaratkan peningkatan kapasitas sumber daya manusia melalui pendekatan pendidikan yang kontekstual dan partisipatif. Penelitian ini menganalisis implementasi program pemberdayaan literasi masyarakat desa berbasis community based education sebagai strategi akselerasi pembangunan desa berkelanjutan. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus di tiga desa di Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur, melibatkan 450 peserta program literasi selama periode 18 bulan. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi partisipatif, wawancara mendalam dengan 87 informan, focus group discussion dengan 12 kelompok masyarakat, dan analisis dokumen program. Model community-based education yang diimplementasikan mengintegrasikan lima komponen: literasi fungsional berbasis kebutuhan lokal, pendidikan kewirausahaan, literasi digital, pendidikan lingkungan, dan penguatan kelembagaan desa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program literasi berbasis komunitas menghasilkan peningkatan indeks literasi desa dari rata-rata 52,3 menjadi 78,6 poin, peningkatan partisipasi masyarakat dalam musyawarah desa dari 34 persen menjadi 71 persen, dan pertumbuhan unit usaha produktif berbasis literasi dari 12 unit menjadi 67 unit. Tingkat keberlanjutan program mencapai 83,4 persen dengan dukungan kelembagaan desa yang kuat. Program menghasilkan dampak multiplikatif: peningkatan pendapatan rumah tangga rata-rata 42,7 persen, penurunan angka putus sekolah 68 persen, dan akselerasi pencapaian indikator Sustainable Development Goals desa sebesar 34,8 persen. Model pendidikan berbasis komunitas terbukti lebih efektif dibandingkan pendekatan top down konvensional, dengan tingkat adopsi praktik literasi mencapai 87,3 persen versus 43,2 persen pada program reguler. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan framework pemberdayaan literasi desa yang holistik, partisipatif, dan berkelanjutan, memberikan implikasi kebijakan untuk akselerasi transformasi pembangunan desa di Indonesia.
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