The Influence of Workload and Employee Income Supplement (TPP) on Employee Performance: A Scoping Review
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Abstract
Employee performance, particularly among State Civil Apparatus (ASN), plays a crucial role in supporting effective governance and delivering quality public services. Various studies have examined the impact of workload and Employee Income Supplements (TPP) on employee performance. However, findings from these studies are scattered across various agencies and contexts, thus not providing a complete picture. Using a scoping review methodology, this study aims to map and synthesize scientific evidence on the impact of workload and TPP on employee performance in the public sector. Publications were selected based on predetermined inclusion criteria and were sourced from national scientific journals published between 2019 and 2025. Analysis using narrative synthesis methods was conducted on 22 publications to identify research characteristics, patterns of findings, and emerging trends. The results showed a consistent correlation between employee performance, TPP, and workload. Providing TPP has been shown to increase employee incentives, discipline, and productivity, while proportionally managed workloads generally support improved performance. Furthermore, several studies indicate that other factors, such as job satisfaction, work motivation, and work discipline, also influence this relationship. This study highlights that the implementation of an objective, performance-based TPP system, along with balanced workload management, are complementary elements in supporting improved civil servant performance. The research findings are expected to serve as a foundation for future studies that integrate these two factors into a single research model, as well as provide input for formulating human resource management policies.
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